ShmoopTube

Where Monty Python meets your 10th grade teacher.

Search Thousands of Shmoop Videos


Grammar Videos 59 videos

Phrases, Clauses, and Sentences
7466 Views

Want even more deets on grammar? Click here for all the goods.

Fewer vs. Less
1680 Views

Want even more deets on Fewer vs. Less? Click here to review. Or take a look at our entire grammar section for all the goods.

Figuring Out What a Word Means
4459 Views

Want even more deets on grammar? Click here for all the goods.

See All

Propositions and Connectives 277 Views


Share It!


Description:

Want even more deets on grammar? Click here for all the goods.

Language:
English Language

Transcript

00:04

Propositions and Connectives, a la shmooop.

00:11

Here's a proposition: You will say "yes" when I ask you to marry me.

00:13

Well, yeah, not very romantic but it's a mathematical proposition otherwise known as a statement.

00:18

And well, many nerdygirls and guys would actually find this a nifty way to ask for a lifetime

00:23

of marital bliss but that's a different story.  A proposition or statement is an equation

00:29

that is either true OR false - but not both. There is always an equating delimiter in there

00:34

- like an equals sign a greater than/ less than thingy or other similar vehicles to compare

00:40

2 values.  in this case, the gal is either gonna say

00:44

<girly voice> I do <reg> or she'll say <well it's been lovely but.... I gotta go...> in

00:51

which case the statement is then false. There is no <well, maybe when you get a real job>

00:57

option. 

00:59

Some other propositions - 6 plus 4 is 10 - true;   6 plus 4 is 20 – false. 6 minus 4 is

01:07

2 – true; 6 minus 4 is infinity squared… uh, false.

01:12

OK so thats propositions. What about connectives? Well, connectives... connect. So think about

01:18

our big question popping here: 

01:20

p: you will say 'yes' q: when i ask you to marry me

01:24

the 3 flavors - uh  no there are only 3 connectives: that is…

01:30

negation:   NOT p as in... i will NOT say 'yes' when you ask me to marry you

01:36

the 2nd flavor is called conjunction…

01:37

as in... you will say 'yes' when i ask you to marry me AND 6 plus 4 is 22. BOTH of these

01:44

conditions have to be true for the statement to be true. so in the first part, there's

01:47

a conditional element - will she or wont she?

01:50

but for this statement to be true, she has to in fact say yes when he asks AND he has

01:55

to work for the congressional budget committee because thats the only place on earth where

01:59

6 plus 4 is 22. otherwise that 2nd element is always false and so the proposition or

02:05

statement in toto is false....    

02:08

ok the 3rd flavor is called disjunction.

02:10

like.. dis junction and dat junction

02:14

but DISJUNCTION is just another $5 word for... Or.

02:17

that is... the statement is true if EITHER condition is met - like... condition a: you

02:22

will say 'yes' when i ask you to marry me;   OR   6 plus 4 is 22.  

02:28

the proposition is true under the 'laws' of disjunction because the gal cartoon really

02:32

loves this statue dude and well, they wanna make babies.

02:35

yeah, as soon as possible - we know, we know.... so since the first part is true it doesnt

02:40

matter that the second part is false - the condition of either one OR the other being

02:46

true is met and the overall proposition is true. 

02:50

Guess they don’t have to worry about their kid being…statuesque…

Related Videos

Affect vs. Effect
10818 Views

This video explains the difference between affect and effect and provide tips for remembering which is which and when to use each one. If you suffe...

Question Marks
3733 Views

Want even more deets on Question Marks? Click here to review. Or take a look at our entire grammar section for all the goods.

Long vs. Short Sentences
2885 Views

Want even more deets on grammar? Click here for all the goods.

Your vs. You're
4158 Views

Want even more deets on Your vs. You're? Click here to review. Or take a look at our entire grammar section for all the goods.

Its vs. It's
5834 Views

What’s the difference between its and it’s (spoiler alert: it’s more than just an apostrophe). This video covers the use of both of these wor...