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We're talking biology with Dr. Ruth Tennen, and we're going to talk now about biotechnology.

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This is kind of flowing in the line of thought here. What is in vitro mutagenesis?

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So, in vitro means "in a test tube." And mutagenesis means "making mutations."

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So it's a way of making mutations outside of a cell.

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And so you could imagine, you notice that people who have a certain type of cancer have a certain mutation and you want to study that in cells...

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So you would take the DNA, mutate it in a test tube, put it back into a cell, and then kind of study the function.

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At a banal level, we had "test tube babies," where we combined sperm and an egg in a test tube, and then put it back in a woman's womb...

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And IPO happened nine months later...so is that...?

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So that -- the in vitro part is the same. In that case, you're not really mutagenizing anything...

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But you could imagine that if your embryo had some genetic defect...you would be able to do that -- you could wash it essentially...

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