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Chemistry: 5.8 Periodic Trends 120 Views
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Description:
Trends come and go periodically, but this periodic trend is here to stay. Forever. How is that possible? Check out the video to find out.
Transcript
- 00:03
Meet Yolanda. Yolanda likes
- 00:06
things done a certain way. It goes beyond [Yolanda waving]
- 00:08
just needing every hair on her head to
- 00:11
be perfectly in place or insisting on [Yolanda combing her hair]
- 00:13
wrinkle-free clothing. Everything on her [Yolanda ironing]
Full Transcript
- 00:15
desk needs to be at precise 90 or 180
- 00:18
degree angles from the edges. The
- 00:21
thermostat must always be set at exactly [Yolanda adjusting the thermostat]
- 00:24
70 degrees she arranges the corn flakes
- 00:27
in her cereal bowl into fractal patterns.
- 00:29
Yeah... it's intense. Anyway, so it's no wonder
- 00:32
that she's picky about the way her
- 00:34
elements are organized. If her table of [Messy table of elements]
- 00:37
elements looked like this, she'd have a
- 00:39
complete and total freak out. Yeah, she's
- 00:42
got a few simple rules. First, all
- 00:44
elements must be organized by atomic
- 00:46
radius. Atomic radius, which is one half
- 00:50
the distance between the nuclei of two
- 00:52
atoms, is used to determine an atom's size. [The atomic radius is shown on an element]
- 00:56
When Yolanda arranges her elements,
- 00:58
she demands that the atomic radii decrease
- 01:01
from left to right and increase from top [The direction of the decrease and increase are shown by arrows]
- 01:04
to bottom, like so. Yolanda's second
- 01:06
major ask is that the elements are
- 01:08
organized according to [The rules being written on a checklist]
- 01:10
electronegativity. Here, she prefers--okay,
- 01:13
prefers may not be a forceful enough word-- [Yolanda with her arms crossed]
- 01:16
that electronegativity, or an atom's
- 01:19
ability to attract an electron, increases
- 01:21
from left to right and decreases from
- 01:24
top to bottom.
- 01:25
There, perfect. We should be good on all
- 01:27
this now right? But no, Yolanda's [Dog looking disappointed]
- 01:29
fussiness knows no bounds. Her next
- 01:32
requirement is that the elements'
- 01:33
ionization energy, or the amount of
- 01:36
energy needed to remove an electron from
- 01:38
an atom, increases from left to right and [The elements are shown organised by their ionization energy]
- 01:41
decreases from top to bottom.
- 01:43
Well great...what top-notch organization.
- 01:46
Doesn't look like it could be improved
- 01:47
upon even a smidge. [Yolanda's dog giving a paw]
- 01:49
Oh, but wait: Yolanda also has a thing about
- 01:52
electron affinity, which is the measure
- 01:55
of how much an atom "wants" another
- 01:57
electron. Are they as hungry for one as this guy, [Guy with 4 burgers in front of him]
- 02:00
or are they more the house salad type? [Guy sat with a plate of salad]
- 02:03
Well, Yolanda won't settle for any
- 02:05
organizational approach that doesn't have
- 02:06
elements increasing
- 02:08
to electron affinity from left to
- 02:11
right and decreasing from top to bottom.
- 02:13
And wouldn't you know it? Yolanda's table looks [The periodic table is shown]
- 02:15
a bit like the periodic table. In fact, it
- 02:18
looks exactly like the periodic table,
- 02:20
which is because when the periodic table
- 02:22
was first put together in its current format, [Guy putting together the periodic table in segments]
- 02:24
it was assembled by an individual who
- 02:27
was as passionate as Yolanda about [Dmitri Mendeleev's dog saying "He never pets me."]
- 02:29
achieving a harmonious composition.
- 02:32
Unfortunately for our hero, she's going
- 02:34
to be a wee bit bummed when she finds
- 02:35
out that her submission for the Yolanda
- 02:38
table of the elements was denied by the
- 02:41
U.S. Patent Office. [Denied stamp on her application]
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