¹³ Gordon S. Wood, The Americanization of Benjamin Franklin (New York: Penguin Press, 2004), 130.

¹⁴ David McCullough, John Adams (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002), 67.

¹⁵ See Woody Holton, Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 1999), 79.

¹⁶ Gary Nash, Race and Revolution (Madison, WI: Madison House, 1990), 31-33.

¹⁷ Gary Nash, Race and Revolution (Madison, WI: Madison House, 1990), 58.

¹⁸ British Parliament, Quartering Act, 2 June 1774 version, available from the Avalon Project at Yale Law School, http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/amerrev/parliament/quartering_act_1774.htm, accessed 7 December 2007.

¹⁹ David Hackett Fischer, Paul Revere's Ride (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 46.

²⁰ See the Continental Congress statement of 20 October 1774, http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/related/assoc74.htm, accessed 12 November 2007.

²¹ Quoted in David Hackett Fischer, Paul Revere's Ride (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 93.

²² Quoted in David Hackett Fischer, Paul Revere's Ride (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 109.

²³ Quoted in David Hackett Fischer, Paul Revere's Ride (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 97.

²⁴ See Jeffrey J. Crow, "Slave Rebelliousness and Social Conflict in North Carolina, 1775 to 1802," The William and Mary Quarterly 37:1, 3rd Ser., (January 1980), 83-84.

²⁵ Continental Congress, Petition to the King, 8 July 1775, available online at Avalon Project at Yale Law School, http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/contcong/07-08-75.htm, accessed 19 November 2007.

²⁶ See the Proclamation for Suppressing Rebellion and Sedition," 23 August 1775, http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/related/proc1775.htm, accessed 12 November 2007.

²⁷ David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 18.

²⁸ David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 18.

²⁹ Woody Holton, Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 1999), 179.

³⁰ David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 93.

³¹ See the Virginia Declaration of Rights, 12 June 1776, http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/related/vabor.htm, accessed 12 November 2007.

³² See Thomas Paine, The American Crisis II, available from the Avalon Project at Yale Law School, http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/paine/p2.htm, accessed 6 December 2007.

³³ See Richard White, The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650-1815 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 385.

³⁴ George Washington, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, 23 December 1777, available from the Library of Congress, http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/timeline/amrev/turning/valley.html, accessed 6 December 2007].

³⁵ George Brown Tindall and David Emory Shi, America: A Narrative History, Fifth Ed. (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1999), 262.

³⁶ Colin G. Calloway, ed., The World Turned Upside Down: Indian Voices from Early America (Boston: Bedford St. Martin's, 1994), 147; and "'We Have Always Been the Frontier': The American Revolution in Shawnee Country," American Indian Quarterly 16:1 (Winter 1992), 42.

³⁷ John Paul Jones, captain of the Bonhomme Richard reply to the British ship Serapis, 23 September 1779, in Respectfully Quoted: A Dictionary of Quotations Requested from the Congressional Research Service (Washington D.C.: Library of Congress, 1989); Bartleby.com, 2003, [6 December 2007]. In actuality, as A Dictionary of Quotations points out, "the exact wording of his reply is uncertain, and several accounts exist," but this is the standard version.

³⁸ Mary Beth Norton, "Revolutionary Advances for Women," in Major Problems in the Era of American Revolution: 1760-1791, ed. Richard D. Brown (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1992), 318.

³⁹ Mary Beth Norton, "Revolutionary Advances for Women," in Major Problems in the Era of American Revolution: 1760-1791, ed. Richard D. Brown (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1992), 319.

⁴⁰ Gary Nash, Race and Revolution (Madison, WI: Madison House, 1990), 60.

⁴¹ Mary Beth Norton, "Revolutionary Advances for Women," in Major Problems in the Era of American Revolution: 1760-1791, ed. Richard D. Brown (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1992), 319.

⁴² Edmund S. Morgan and Helen M. Morgan, The Stamp Act Crisis: Prologue to Revolution (Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 21; Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty! An American History (New York: W. W. Norton, 2006), 151.

⁴³ Edmund S. Morgan and Helen M. Morgan, The Stamp Act Crisis: Prologue to Revolution (Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 21; Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty! An American History (New York: W. W. Norton, 2006), 151.

⁴⁴ Edmund S. Morgan and Helen M. Morgan, The Stamp Act Crisis: Prologue to Revolution (Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 21; Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty! An American History (New York: W. W. Norton, 2006), 151.

⁴⁵ Jack P. Greene, Pursuits of Happiness: The Social Development of Early Modern British Colonies and the Formation of American Culture (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 91.

⁴⁶ Jack P. Greene, Pursuits of Happiness: The Social Development of Early Modern British Colonies and the Formation of American Culture (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 91.

⁴⁷ Jack P. Greene, Pursuits of Happiness: The Social Development of Early Modern British Colonies and the Formation of American Culture (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 182.

⁴⁸ Jack P. Greene, Pursuits of Happiness: The Social Development of Early Modern British Colonies and the Formation of American Culture (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 182.

⁴⁹ Edmund S. Morgan and Helen M. Morgan, The Stamp Act Crisis: Prologue to Revolution (Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 22.

⁵⁰ Edmund S. Morgan and Helen M. Morgan, The Stamp Act Crisis: Prologue to Revolution (Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 22.

⁵¹ Edmund S. Morgan and Helen M. Morgan, The Stamp Act Crisis: Prologue to Revolution (Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 23.

⁵² Jack P. Greene, Pursuits of Happiness: The Social Development of Early Modern British Colonies and the Formation of American Culture (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 144.

⁵³ Frank Luther Mott, "The Newspaper Coverage of Lexington and Concord," The New England Quarterly, Vol. 17, No. 4. (Dec., 1944), 490.

⁵⁴ Gordon S. Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), 144.

⁵⁵ Gordon S. Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), 144.

⁵⁶ See Woody Holton, Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 1999).

⁵⁷ See Woody Holton, Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 1999).

⁵⁸ Gordon S. Wood, "Reading the Founder's Minds," review of Lawrence Goldstone, Dark Bargain: Slavery, Profits, and the Struggle for the Constitution, and Robin Einhorn, American Taxation, American Slavery, in New York Review of Books 54:11 (28 June 2007), http://www.nybooks.com/articles/20342, accessed 7 December 2007.

⁵⁹ Gordon S. Wood, "Reading the Founder's Minds," review of Lawrence Goldstone, Dark Bargain: Slavery, Profits, and the Struggle for the Constitution, and Robin Einhorn, American Taxation, American Slavery, in New York Review of Books 54:11 (28 June 2007), http://www.nybooks.com/articles/20342, accessed 7 December 2007.

⁶⁰ Gordon S. Wood, "Reading the Founder's Minds," review of Lawrence Goldstone, Dark Bargain: Slavery, Profits, and the Struggle for the Constitution, and Robin Einhorn, American Taxation, American Slavery, in New York Review of Books 54:11 (28 June 2007), http://www.nybooks.com/articles/20342, accessed 7 December 2007.

⁶¹ See Woody Holton, Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 1999).

⁶² David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 4.

⁶³ David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 4.

⁶⁴ John Sibley Butler, "Affirmative Action in the Military," (in Individual Cases), Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 523, Affirmative Action Revisited, (September 1992), 198.

⁶⁵ Gordon S. Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), 176.

⁶⁶ David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 33.

⁶⁷ David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 33.

⁶⁸ David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 33.

⁶⁹ David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 28.

⁷⁰ David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 4.

⁷¹ David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 4.

⁷² Howard H. Peckham, ed., The Toll of Independence: Engagements and Battle Casualties of the American Revolution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974).

⁷³ David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 34-5.

⁷⁴ David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 34-5.

⁷⁵ David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 35.

⁷⁶ Howard H. Peckham, ed., The Toll of Independence: Engagements and Battle Casualties of the American Revolution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974).

⁷⁷ Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty! An American History (New York: W. W. Norton, 2006), 160.

⁷⁸ Howard H. Peckham, ed., The Toll of Independence: Engagements and Battle Casualties of the American Revolution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974).

⁷⁹ Howard H. Peckham, ed., The Toll of Independence: Engagements and Battle Casualties of the American Revolution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974).

⁸⁰ Howard H. Peckham, ed., The Toll of Independence: Engagements and Battle Casualties of the American Revolution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974).

⁸¹ Howard H. Peckham, ed., The Toll of Independence: Engagements and Battle Casualties of the American Revolution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974).

⁸² Howard H. Peckham, ed., The Toll of Independence: Engagements and Battle Casualties of the American Revolution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974).

⁸³ See David Hackett Fischer, Paul Revere's Ride (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 31.

⁸⁴ Hannah Arendt, The New Yorker (12 September 1970), quotation no. 3984, The Columbia World of Quotations (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996), www.bartleby.com/66/, accessed 19 November 2007.

⁸⁵ Bernhard Knollenberg, Origin of the American Revolution: 1759-1766 (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1960), 228.

⁸⁶ The Virginia Resolves draft, Virginia House of Burgesses, 29 May 1765, .

⁸⁷ Gordon S. Wood, The Americanization of Benjamin Franklin (New York: Penguin Press, 2004), 130.

⁸⁸ Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty! An American History (New York: W. W. Norton, 2006), 160.

⁸⁹ British Parliament, Quartering Act, 2 June 1774 version, available from the Avalon Project at Yale Law School, http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/amerrev/parliament/quartering_act_1774.htm, accessed 7 December 2007.

⁹⁰ British Parliament, Quartering Act, 15 May 1765 version, available from the Avalon Project at Yale Law School, http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/amerrev/parliament/quartering_act_165.htm, accessed 6 December 2007.

⁹¹ Continental Congress, Petition to the King, 8 July 1775, available online at Avalon Project at Yale Law School, http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/contcong/07-08-75.htm, accessed 19 November 2007.

⁹² See the Proclamation for Suppressing Rebellion and Sedition," 23 August 1775, http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/related/proc1775.htm, accessed 12 November 2007.

⁹³ David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 18.

⁹⁴ John Adams, letter to Hezekiah Niles, 13 February 1818, http://www.teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?document=599, accessed 19 November 2007.

⁹⁵ Gordon S. Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), 144.

⁹⁶ Chris Padgett, "Hearing the Antislavery Rank-and-File: The Wesleyan Methodist Schism of 1843," Journal of the Early Republic, Vol. 12, No. 1. (Spring, 1992), 65-6.

⁹⁷ See Sung Bok Kim, "The Limits of Politicization in the American Revolution: The Experience of Westchester County, New York," The Journal of American History 80:3 (December 1993), 876.

⁹⁸ Gordon S. Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), 167-8.

⁹⁹ Woody Holton, Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 1999), 196.

¹⁰⁰ John Adams, 1761, quoted in Gordon S. Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), 171.

¹⁰¹ Gordon S. Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), 118.

¹⁰² Gordon S. Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), 171.

¹⁰³ In Jack P. Greene, Pursuits of Happiness: The Social Development of Early Modern British Colonies and the Formation of American Culture (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 182.

¹⁰⁴ See Gordon S. Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), 140-2.

¹⁰⁵ See Woody Holton, Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 1999).

¹⁰⁶ Gordon S. Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), 116.

¹⁰⁷ Gordon S. Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), 116.

¹⁰⁸ See Woody Holton, Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 1999).

¹⁰⁹ Woody Holton, Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 1999), 187-8.

¹¹⁰ Woody Holton, Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 1999), 145-7.

¹¹¹ Woody Holton, Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 1999), 158-9.

¹¹² The Declaration of Independence, in George Brown Tindall and David Emory Shi, America: A Narrative History, Fifth Ed. (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1999), A6.

¹¹³ See, for example, United States Senate Republican Policy Committee, "The Declaration and Its Heroic Signers," 23 June 1998, http://www.senate.gov/~rpc/releases/1998/founders.htm, accessed 7 December 2007.

¹¹⁴ Richard D. Brown, "The Founding Fathers of 1776 and 1787: A Collective View" (in Notes and Documents), The William and Mary Quarterly 33:3, 3rd Ser. (July 1976), pp. 465-480.

¹¹⁵ See also the Snopes.com analysis of this e-mail thread, last updated 3 July 2007, at http://www.snopes.com/history/american/pricepaid.asp, accessed 7 December 2007.

¹¹⁶ Richard D. Brown, "The Founding Fathers of 1776 and 1787: A Collective View" (in Notes and Documents), The William and Mary Quarterly 33:3, 3rd Ser. (July 1976), pp. 465-480.

¹¹⁷ Quoted in David Hackett Fischer, Paul Revere's Ride (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 165.

¹¹⁸ David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), fig. 12.

¹¹⁹ David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), fig. 3.

¹²⁰ David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 51-2.

¹²¹ George Brown Tindall and David Emory Shi, America: A Narrative History, Fifth Ed. (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1999), 252.

¹²² Joseph Ellis, His Excellency: George Washington (New York: Knopf, 2004).

¹²³ David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 28.

¹²⁴ Quoted in George Brown Tindall and David Emory Shi, America: A Narrative History, Fifth Ed. (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1999), 228-9; David Hackett Fischer, Paul Revere's Ride (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 191.

¹²⁵ David Hackett Fischer, Paul Revere's Ride (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 190-3.

¹²⁶ Quoted in George Brown Tindall and David Emory Shi, America: A Narrative History, Fifth Ed. (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1999), 229.

¹²⁷ David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 8.

¹²⁸ George Washington, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, 23 December 1777, available from the Library of Congress, http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/timeline/amrev/turning/valley.html, accessed 6 December 2007.

¹²⁹ Gary Nash, Race and Revolution (Madison, WI: Madison House, 1990), 58.

¹³⁰ Woody Holton, Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 1999), 140.

¹³¹ Woody Holton, Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 1999), 140.

¹³² Peter Bestes, Sambo Freeman, Felix Holbrook, Chester Joie, Boston, 20 April 1773, in Major Problems in the Era of American Revolution: 1760-1791, ed. Richard D. Brown (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1992), 308-9.

¹³³ "Worcester County, Massachusetts, Calls for the Abolition of Slavery, 1775," in Major Problems in the Era of American Revolution: 1760-1791, ed. Richard D. Brown (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1992), 309.

¹³⁴ See Gary Nash and Julie Roy Jeffrey, eds., The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, 4th ed. (New York: Longman, 2003), 136-7;George Washington, 1776, quoted in David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 90.

¹³⁵ See Gary Nash and Julie Roy Jeffrey, eds., The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, 4th ed. (New York: Longman, 2003), 136-7.

¹³⁶ See Gary Nash and Julie Roy Jeffrey, eds., The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, 4th ed. (New York: Longman, 2003), 136-7.

¹³⁷ Anonymous, "A New England Mulatto Attacks Slavery, 1776," in Major Problems in the Era of American Revolution: 1760-1791, ed. Richard D. Brown (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1992), 309-310.

¹³⁸ John Sibley Butler, "Affirmative Action in the Military," (in Individual Cases), Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 523, Affirmative Action Revisited, (September 1992), 198.

¹³⁹ John Greenwood, quoted in David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 36.

¹⁴⁰ General William Heath to John Adams, 23 October 1775, quoted in David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 36.

¹⁴¹ See Ira Berlin, "The Revolution in Black Life," in Major Problems in the Era of American Revolution: 1760-1791, ed. Richard D. Brown (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1992), 330-335.

¹⁴² Lorenzo J. Greene, "Some Observations on the Black Regiment of Rhode Island in the American Revolution," The Journal of Negro History 37:2 (Apr., 1952), 168-9.

¹⁴³ See Ira Berlin, "The Revolution in Black Life," in Major Problems in the Era of American Revolution: 1760-1791, ed. Richard D. Brown (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1992), 337.

¹⁴⁴ Mary Beth Norton, "Revolutionary Advances for Women," in Major Problems in the Era of American Revolution: 1760-1791, ed. Richard D. Brown (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1992), 312-4.

¹⁴⁵ Mary Beth Norton, "Revolutionary Advances for Women," in Major Problems in the Era of American Revolution: 1760-1791, ed. Richard D. Brown (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1992), 312-4.

¹⁴⁶ Mary Beth Norton, "Revolutionary Advances for Women," in Major Problems in the Era of American Revolution: 1760-1791, ed. Richard D. Brown (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1992), 315.

¹⁴⁷ Mary Beth Norton, "Revolutionary Advances for Women," in Major Problems in the Era of American Revolution: 1760-1791, ed. Richard D. Brown (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1992), 315.

¹⁴⁸ Mary Beth Norton, "Revolutionary Advances for Women," in Major Problems in the Era of American Revolution: 1760-1791, ed. Richard D. Brown (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1992), 315.

¹⁴⁹ Mary Beth Norton, "Revolutionary Advances for Women," in Major Problems in the Era of American Revolution: 1760-1791, ed. Richard D. Brown (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1992), 315-7.

¹⁵⁰ Mary Beth Norton, "Revolutionary Advances for Women," in Major Problems in the Era of American Revolution: 1760-1791, ed. Richard D. Brown (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1992), 315-7.

¹⁵¹ See United States State Department, "Women of Influence: Margaret Corbin," revised November 2006, http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/womeninfln/corbin.htm, accessed 11 December 2007.

¹⁵² Mary Beth Norton, "Revolutionary Advances for Women," in Major Problems in the Era of American Revolution: 1760-1791, ed. Richard D. Brown (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1992), 317.

¹⁵³ Colin G. Calloway, ed., The World Turned Upside Down: Indian Voices from Early America (Boston: Bedford St. Martin's, 1994), 146.

¹⁵⁴ Colin G. Calloway, ed., The World Turned Upside Down: Indian Voices from Early America (Boston: Bedford St. Martin's, 1994), 146-7.

¹⁵⁵ See Richard White, The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650-1815 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 368.

¹⁵⁶ George Brown Tindall and David Emory Shi, America: A Narrative History, Fifth Ed. (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1999), 262-3.

¹⁵⁷ George Washington, quoted in George Brown Tindall and David Emory Shi, America: A Narrative History, Fifth Ed. (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1999), 262.

¹⁵⁸ Colin G. Calloway, ed., The World Turned Upside Down: Indian Voices from Early America (Boston: Bedford St. Martin's, 1994), 147.

¹⁵⁹ Colin G. Calloway, ed., The World Turned Upside Down: Indian Voices from Early America (Boston: Bedford St. Martin's, 1994), 147.

¹⁶⁰ General William Heath to John Adams, 23 October 1775, quoted in David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 36.

¹⁶¹ Colin G. Calloway, ed., The World Turned Upside Down: Indian Voices from Early America (Boston: Bedford St. Martin's, 1994), 155.

¹⁶² Colin G. Calloway, ed., The World Turned Upside Down: Indian Voices from Early America (Boston: Bedford St. Martin's, 1994), 148.

¹⁶³ Quoted in George Brown Tindall and David Emory Shi, America: A Narrative History, Fifth Ed. (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1999), 272.

¹⁶⁴ British Parliament, Quartering Act, 2 June 1774 version, available from the Avalon Project at Yale Law School, http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/amerrev/parliament/quartering_act_1774.htm, accessed 7 December 2007.

¹⁶⁵ British Parliament, Quartering Act, 15 May 1765 version, available from the Avalon Project at Yale Law School, http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/amerrev/parliament/quartering_act_165.htm, accessed 6 December 2007.

¹⁶⁶ See Don R. Gerlach, "A Note on the Quartering Act of 1774" (in Memoranda and Documents), The New England Quarterly 39:1 (March 1966), 80-88.

¹⁶⁷ Quoted in David Hackett Fischer, Paul Revere's Ride (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 109.

¹⁶⁸ Frank Luther Mott, "The Newspaper Coverage of Lexington and Concord," The New England Quarterly, Vol. 17, No. 4. (Dec., 1944), 498.

¹⁶⁹ George Brown Tindall and David Emory Shi, America: A Narrative History, Fifth Ed. (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1999), 230.

¹⁷⁰ Rhys Isaac, The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790 (Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, VA, by University of North Carolina Press, 1982), 280.

¹⁷¹ See David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon Schuster, 2005), 5-6.

¹⁷² See The Connecticut Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, "King George's Head," from the Sons of the American Revolution (Winter 1998), http://www.connecticutsar.org/articles/king_georges_head.htm, accessed 7 December 2007; National Public Radio, "Morning Edition," Washington, D.C., 4 July 2000, pg. 1, transcript available from http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=351917711&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=1566&RQT=309&VName=PQD, accessed 7 December 2007, although NPR got Wolcott's first name wrong.

¹⁷³ Gary Nash, Race and Revolution (Madison, WI: Madison House, 1990), 60-61.

¹⁷⁴ Lindsey Galloway, "The Signs Still Point to Ross," U.S. News & World Report, 14 August 2006.

¹⁷⁵ David Hackett Fischer, Paul Revere's Ride (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 32.

¹⁷⁶ Gordon S. Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), 176.

¹⁷⁷ James Otis, The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved (Boston, 1764), quoted in Edmund S. Morgan and Helen M. Morgan, The Stamp Act Crisis: Prologue to Revolution (Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 34.

¹⁷⁸ Francis Bernard, quoted in Edmund S. Morgan and Helen M. Morgan, The Stamp Act Crisis: Prologue to Revolution (Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 18.

¹⁷⁹ Quoted in Richard White, The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650-1815 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 366.

¹⁸⁰ Rhys Isaac, The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790 (Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, VA, by University of North Carolina Press, 1982), 280.

¹⁸¹ General Thomas Gage to Lord Barrington, British Secretary at War, quoted in David Hackett Fischer, Paul Revere's Ride (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 31.

¹⁸² Richard Norton Smith, Patriarch: George Washington and the New American Nation (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1993), 14-15.

¹⁸³ Phillis Wheatley and George Washington, both quoted in David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 90.

¹⁸⁴ Gordon S. Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), 110.

¹⁸⁵ Phillis Wheatley and George Washington, both quoted in David McCullough, 1776 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 90.

¹⁸⁶ Captain Levi Preston, interviewed by Mellen Chamberlain, ca. 1843, quoted in David Hackett Fischer, Paul Revere's Ride (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 163-4.

¹⁸⁷ "middling," The American Heritage(r) Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2000), www.bartleby.com/61/, 5 December 2007.

¹⁸⁸ For more analysis and statistics see Robert Middlekauff, The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763-1789 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1982); John Richard Alden, The American Revolution, 1775-1783 (New York: Harper and Row, 1954); Charles Royster, A Revolutionary People at War: The Continental Army and American Character, 1775-1783 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1979); Richard B. Morris, ed., Encyclopedia of American History (New York: Harper & Row, 1976).