Example 2
I'm addicted to the taste of mint chocolate chip ice cream.
You're not alone. Here, we have an example of a phrase that acts as a modifier. The prepositional phrase of mint chocolate chip ice cream qualifies the word taste.
Example 3
The boy who was attacked by ninjas was hospitalized.
He never saw them coming. Hopefully you saw the modifier in this sentence. For starters, it's underlined. Here's why: the clause who was attacked by ninjas explains which boy was hospitalized… after taking several stealthy roundhouse kicks to the face.