Example 1
After he threw thirty-nine interceptions last season, the quarterback's job was in peril.
If we were that quarterback, we'd be sending the coach a cookie cake right about now. Maybe thirty-nine cookie cakes. In this example, we're talking about erroneous throws that happened in the past, so threw is the correct word.
Example 2
When you're through with lunch, please throw your garbage in the trashcan, not on the floor.
In this sentence, through is the right word because the speaker is politely requesting that you don't throw your garbage on the floor like a caveman when you're done with lunch.
Example 3
Betty needs to study chapters sixteen through twenty-eight for her American history mid-term tomorrow morning.
Here, through is the right word because the sentence refers to a range of chapters: sixteen to twenty-eight, including all of the chapters in between. Time to put the coffee on, Betty.