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One animal went above and beyond the call of duty: the horse [horse dressed as a doctor playing the piano]

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and no word on how good horses are at actually playing call of duty though [horse playing call of duty video game]

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but horses were good to us not only did they pull plows, sleds and wagons

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but they also provided quick and convenient transportation without any

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extra technology at all we just had to convince horses not to throw us off [horse pulling a carriage of people along the road]

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their backs no biggie but before we talk about horces we need to make a quick

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stop at biology central to answer a few very important questions like why are [man in a white jacket beside a whiteboard]

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horces so much better than cows while it's true that horses can't haul as much

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weight as cattle can they're just not as muscular and bulky they can haul stuff

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way way faster their bodies are built for speed and endurance. cows are built for [men riding horses galloping quickly]

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chewing cud and plus cows have to stop for long periods to graze

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and digest horces can digest their food on the run for horses life is a drive thru[horse ordering a mcdonalds]

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or gallop thru - yes horses are also way smarter than cows no horses

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can't help with anybody's algebra homework but they're added smarts meant that they [cow attempting to help a boy with algebra homework]

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could be trained to ride into battle haul wagons or plows or carry a person

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in the saddle and last but not least we look about a thousand percent cooler on

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riding horses than we would you know riding cows what? it's a fact. well thanks [man riding a cow]

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to all those advantages the domestication of the horse around 3000

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BCE was a huge deal the horses were the most versatile helpful in the

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transportation biz camels were definitely the grumpiest [grumpy camel kicking boy away]

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plus they led to the rise and fall of the Great sub-saharan African Empires

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wheels aren't all that helpful in crossing the world's largest deserts [Camels walk through desert and wheel struggles on the bumpy sand]

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or any deserts really. Building roads in the Sahara would mean building rest

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stops and gas stations and all those fun things and who wants to run that stuff [gas station in the middle of the saharan desert]

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anyway the desert wind would erase your road in about three days. Horses aren't

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helpful in the desert sands by the way thumb breeds can handle the heat [horses galloping on the sand]

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and dryness better than others but camels really are the best and heck

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they're designed to live there in North America and the Middle East its camels or [Camels walking along the desert]

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bust now by the first century CE - there were plenty of rich and growing cities

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along the southern edge of the Mediterranean there were also plenty of

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societies in central Africa that were rich in natural resources like gold [table in a village filled with natural resources]

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ivory salt and Kola nuts, yeah Kola nuts fun fact they have caffeine in them and are [lab workers experimenting on kola nuts]

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the source of Coca Cola flavor in soda wouldn't recommend chewing on them

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with a burger and fries either anyway it was camels who helped bring all these [Person sipping a soda and camels eating leaves]

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things into the world nestled safely between you know their two humps. Well

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suddenly much larger kingdoms appeared on the southern edge of the desert with [kingdom appears in the desert]

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even bigger and better changes happening over the next several hundred years well

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in 1324 in Emperor's Molly made a pilgrimage to Mecca supposedly he took [Emperor travelling to Mecca]

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twelve hundred slaves with him and each of them carried a bar of gold it sounds

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like he wasn't a huge fan of subtlety there and on what was the Emperor's wealth

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built? yep the backs of camel sounds heavy good thing they had humps positioning [camel carrying the emperor and castle on its hump]

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