War and Peace Theme of Power

One of the primary issues Tolstoy deals with in War and Peace is power. He asks, "what force moves peoples?" (Epilogue.2.2.1). Tolstoy's big idea in is that power is not something inherent to any "great man," like Napoleon or Emperor Alexander. Instead, he sees power as the culmination of all the events of the past as their import is collectively imbued into the people who will affect the future. In other words, power is transferred by a fatalistic, predetermined path to the right people at the right time in the right place. Most of it is wielded by people who are far removed from the actual events they issues orders about, while the closer we get to the actual doers, the less power we can see.

1. Which of the main characters is the most powerful? The least powerful? How can you tell? What do you mean by the word "powerful" when you answer this question?
2. In War and Peace there is a lot of tension between those who wield political versus military power. Why is this? Why are the military men dismissive of government ministers? Why are the government types condescending to the army?
3. What do you make of Tolstoy's differentiation between the kind of power used by someone who has a size/strength advantage and can threaten physical force and the kind of power used by someone who becomes the symbolic figurehead for a group? Can you find examples of each kind of person in the book? Is Tolstoy convincing when he says that those who lack physical strength must get their power over others from some external force? Why or why not?

Paradoxically, the most powerful people in the book are those who are able to almost completely give up control, like Kutuzov or Pierre.

Power is shown to be fluid and easily transferrable from person to person. Those in close relationships are constantly experiencing power shifts, and it's the capacity to cope with this instability that makes or breaks the relationship.