When authors refer to other great works, people, and events, it’s usually not accidental. Put on your super-sleuth hat and figure out why.
Literary and Philosophical References
- Calvinism (1.7)
- The twin kitchen servants are named Dee and Dum
- Moses (6.5, 13.28, 17.25)
- David and Goliath (6.32-34, 6.54, 6.77, 19.111)
- Romans 12:19, "Vengeance is mine; I will repay, sayeth the Lord" (7.32)
- Exodus 20:5, "for I the Lord they God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me" (7.38)
- Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland (8.43, 8.96)
- Golgotha, the place where Jesus Christ was crucified, according to the New Testament (10.35, 19.28)
- Abraham & Isaac, a biblical story in which Abraham is instructed to sacrifice his son, Isaac, to the Lord, and is given a ram in replacement at the last minute (10.48)
- Cinderella (12.15)
- Herod, the king who ordered all male babies killed in order to try to get rid of the threat of Jesus (13.111)
- Jesus Christ (13.28, 22.46)
- Elijah, an Old Testament prophet (13.28, 24.16-17)
- Joshua, an Old Testament prophet (13.28)
- St. Paul (15.1, 15.5)
- Wordsworth (15.37)
- John Masefield, a 20th-century English poet and writer (15.37)
- Keats (15.37)
- Lord Byron (15.37, 17.150, 23.26-32)
- Tennyson (15.37)
- Walter de la Mare, an English poet and writer (15.37)
- Goethe (15.37)
- Charles Dickens (17.89)
- John 15:13, "Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends" (17.197)
- Merlin (19.36-37, 19.43)
- Wilfred Owen, a 20th-century English poet (22.32)
- Rupert Brooke, an English poet (22.32)
- William Shakespeare, Othello (22.63, 22.71)
- Ichabod Crane (23.20, 23.23, 23.26)
- Joseph Heller, Catch-22 (23.162)
- Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe (24.8)
Historical References
- Boer Wars (1.6, 9.126, 12.63, 17.34, 17.90)
- Dingaan kaSenzangakhona Zulu, a Zulu chief from the 19th century (1.57, 13.110, 21.54, 21.147)
- Battle of Blood River, a battle between Boers and Dingaan's Zulu army (1.57)
- Shaka Zulu, a Zulu chief from the 19th century (1.100, 3.101, 21.147)
- Adolf Hitler (2.34, 3.32, 3.59-60, 3.63, 3.70-105, 3.119, 3.153, 5.140-44, 8.19, 8.27, 9.52-53, 9.126, 12.24, 13.113, 15.2-3, 16.64-68, 17.122, 22.192)
- Neville Chamberlain, the Prime Minister of the UK who declared war on Germany in 1939 (2.107)
- The Battle of Rorke's Drift, an 1879 battle between British and Zulus. (8.34)
- Pharisees and Sadducees, powerful religious groups from the time of the Roman Empire (9.122)
- Paul Kruger, a president of the South African Republic who fought against the British in the Boer Wars (10.129)
- Winston Churchill, British Prime Minister during the World War II (10.58)
- King George, George VI, the King of England during World War II (10.129, 15.29, 16.219, 17.76, 18.2)
- V.E. Day, the day that World War II ended in Europe (13.114, 13.120, 14.5, 14.16, 14.41)
- Piet Retief, a South African Boer leader (13.110)
- The Battle of Dundee, a battle in the Boer Wars (15.8)
- Ovid (15.37, 23.20)
- Cicero (15.37)
- Conquest of Gaul, Julius' Caesar's invasion of northern territories (15.37)
- Virgil (15.37)
- The Rothschilds, a German Jewish banking family (17.17)
- The Prince of Wales (17.25)
- The Battle of Britain, the German Air Force's attack on the United Kingdom during World War II (17.36)
- The Black Sash, a movement against apartheid laws in South Africa (17.77)
- The Crimean War, a war between the Russian Empire and the French, British, and Ottoman Turkish Empires in the 19th century (18.80)
- The Charge of the Light Brigade, a very costly battle where the British were sent into a death trap during the Crimean War (17.14, 17.80, 17.113, 17.106-108)
- Lord Cardigan, the officer who commanded the Light Brigade during the Crimean War (17.80, 17.89, 17.107, 17.109)
- Lord Raglan, a British officer during the Crimean War (17.83, 17.89, 17.94)
- Princess Elizabeth (21.1)
- D.F. Malan, Prime Minister of South Africa and architect of apartheid (21.3)
- Chief Albert Luthuli, a South African politician who was president of the African National Congress (21.5)
- African National Congress (ANC), a South African political party (21.5)
- Monty Naicker, a South African activist against apartheid (21.5)
- Indian National Congress, a political party in India (21.5)
- Cetshwayo kaMpande, a 19th-century Zulu king (21.92-93, 21.54, 21.147)
- Karl Marx (22.49)
Pop Culture References
- Joe Louis, an American boxer who won the World Heavyweight Championship (5.113-17, 5.132-33, 22.107)
- Jack Sharkey, an American boxer (5.113, 5.130-33)
- Frederic Chopin, a 19th-century Polish composer (10.5, 12.23, 12.73, 12.78, 18.18, 22.25)
- Franz Liszt, a 19th-century Hungarian composer (10.5)
- Johannes Brahms, a 19th-century German composer (10.5, 12.74, 12.78, 18.18, 22.25)
- Beethoven's 5th Symphony (10.5, 10.190, 10.196, 10.205, 10.206, 10.222, 19.15)
- Arthur Rubinstein, a 20th-century Polish-American pianist (10.206, 15.40)
- Fred Astaire, an American dancer (11.13)
- Bojangles, an American tap dancer and actor (11.13)
- Beethoven (12.74-78, 18.14, 18.18, 22.25)
- Mozart (12.78, 12.141, 12.96, 12.157, 12.187, 22.25)
- Richard Wagner, a German composer (12.96, 12.141)
- Billy Bunter, a comic strip character (17.158)
- Yehudi Menuhin, a 20th-century American violinist and conductor (18.7)
- Erroll Garner, an American jazz pianist and composer (18.11, 18.18-20)
- W.C. Handy, a blues composer and musician (18.12-14, 18.18)
- Bach (18.14, 19.15)
- Johnny Ralph, a South African boxer (21.126)
- Raphael (23.88)
- Tchaikovsky (23.172, 23.175)
- Francisco Goya, a Spanish painter (24.98)