As late as the mid-1980s, all women arrested in Chicago, even for minor offenses like unpaid parking tickets, were strip-searched. Men that were arrested were subjected only to a pat-down search.³⁹

The courts have repeatedly held that women's privacy rights trump almost all claims made by potential fathers regarding the decision to continue or terminate a pregnancy. But in 1993, the Tennessee Supreme Court ruled that potential fathers have an equal interest in the disposition of frozen "pre-embryos"—the two-to-eight cell inseminated eggs that have been stored for future use.⁴⁰